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Portal:Ukraine

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The Ukraine Portal - Портал України

Ukraine
Україна (Ukrainian)
ISO 3166 codeUA

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the north; Poland and Slovakia to the west; Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa. Ukraine's official language is Ukrainian.

Humans have inhabited Ukraine since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, it was the site of early Slavic expansion and later became a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century. Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful realm in Europe in the 10th and 11th centuries, but gradually disintegrated into rival regional powers before being destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century. For the next 600 years the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers including the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia.

The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century but was partitioned between Russia and Poland before being absorbed by the Russian Empire in the late 19th century. Ukrainian nationalism developed and, following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic was formed. The Bolsheviks consolidated control over much of the former empire and established the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the early 1930s, millions of Ukrainians died in the Holodomor, a human-made famine. During World War II, Ukraine was occupied by Germany and endured major battles and atrocities, resulting in 7 million civilians killed, including most Ukrainian Jews.

Ukraine gained independence in 1991 as the Soviet Union dissolved and declared itself neutral. A new constitution was adopted in 1996 as the country transitioned to a free market liberal democracy amid endemic corruption and a legacy of state control. The Orange Revolution of 2004–2005 ushered electoral and constitutional reforms. Resurgent political crises prompted a series of mass demonstrations in 2014 known as the Euromaidan, leading to a revolution, at the end of which Russia unilaterally occupied and annexed Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, and pro-Russian unrest culminated in a war in Donbas with Russian-backed separatists and Russia. Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. (Full article...)

In the news

25 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The U.S. says that Russia and Ukraine agree to cease all military attacks in the Black Sea to ensure safe passage for commercial shipping, while Russia says that it needs guarantees and an order from the U.S. to Ukraine to respect such a deal. (BBC News) (Reuters)
24 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian re-occupation of Sumy Oblast
Ninety people are injured, including 17 children, in a Russian missile attack on a hospital, a school, and a residential area in Sumy, Ukraine. (Le Monde)
Luhansk Oblast campaign
A Ukrainian artillery strike kills six people, including several journalists from Russia's Izvestia newspaper and Zvezda state media network in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The United States and Russia conclude talks focusing on a ceasefire for the Black Sea between Kyiv and Moscow. (Reuters)
23 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Seven people are killed and dozens are injured across Ukraine by overnight Russian drone strikes, including three civilians killed in Kyiv. (CTV News)
Ukrainian troops reportedly recapture the village of Nadiia, Luhansk Oblast. (Kyiv Post)
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Palace of Culture of Makiivka Iron and Steel Works

Makiivka (Ukrainian: Макіївка, IPA: [mɐˈkijiu̯kɐ] ), formerly Dmytriivsk (Ukrainian: Дмитріївськ) until 1931, is an industrial city in Donetsk Oblast, eastern Ukraine, located 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) east from Donetsk. The two cities are practically a conurbation. It has a population of 338,968 (2022 estimate).[1] It hosts the administration of Makiivka urban hromada.

Makiivka is a leading metallurgical and coal-mining centre of the Donets Basin, with heavy industry and coking plants supporting the local steel and coal industries. The city was captured by pro-Russian separatists in 2014 at the start of the war in Donbas and is currently occupied by Russia. (Full article...)

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In the news

25 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The U.S. says that Russia and Ukraine agree to cease all military attacks in the Black Sea to ensure safe passage for commercial shipping, while Russia says that it needs guarantees and an order from the U.S. to Ukraine to respect such a deal. (BBC News) (Reuters)
24 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian re-occupation of Sumy Oblast
Ninety people are injured, including 17 children, in a Russian missile attack on a hospital, a school, and a residential area in Sumy, Ukraine. (Le Monde)
Luhansk Oblast campaign
A Ukrainian artillery strike kills six people, including several journalists from Russia's Izvestia newspaper and Zvezda state media network in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine. (Reuters)
Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
The United States and Russia conclude talks focusing on a ceasefire for the Black Sea between Kyiv and Moscow. (Reuters)
23 March 2025 – Russian invasion of Ukraine
Seven people are killed and dozens are injured across Ukraine by overnight Russian drone strikes, including three civilians killed in Kyiv. (CTV News)
Ukrainian troops reportedly recapture the village of Nadiia, Luhansk Oblast. (Kyiv Post)

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Notes

  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.